Laberinto de cristal en el liderazgo de las mujeres / Glass maze in women’s leadership

Las teorías sobre la discriminación de género han ido evolucionando a lo largo de los treinta últimos años y se han hecho más complejas en un intento por comprender la realidad social. Uno de los ámbitos preferentes de investigación es el referido al laberinto de cristal en la carrera directiva de las mujeres. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en poner de manifiesto la evolución en las explicaciones del enfoque de género al estudio del liderazgo, incidiendo en las transformaciones desde las hipótesis centradas en la división sexual del trabajo, hasta las formulaciones más recientes de carácter interactivo. La psicología social ha destacado el papel de las creencias, a través de los roles estereotipados, las actitudes prejuiciosas hacia las mujeres, la ideología sexista y neo-sexista o el desarrollo de identidades de género. Las interpretaciones actuales inciden en la variabilidad del concepto de género, que a veces se manifiesta a través de las conductas que realizan los hombres y las mujeres, pero también está presente en la elaboración que se hace de dichas conductas y, sobre todo, se observa en las relaciones de poder en el transcurso de las interacciones sociales de la organización laboral (AU)

Psychological gender discrimination explanations have changed over the past thirty years, becoming more complex in order to obtain a better understanding of the social reality. At the present moment, one of the most interesting research areas is the one referring to the ‘glass maze’ phenomenon in women’s management careers. The main purpose of this work is to reveal the theoretical evolution in an attempt to explain the leadership study from a gender perspective. The consecutive hypotheses, starting with the labour sexual division idea, are becoming more interactive in order to understand the current labour-social situation. Social psychology has underlined the role of beliefs, observed via gender stereotyped roles, prejudiced attitudes against women, sexist and neosexist ideology, or masculine, feminine and androgynous identity development. New psychological interpretations insist on the variability of the gender concept, where gender is sometimes observed through men and women’s behaviours, and other times through those behaviour expectations. But gender is mainly observed though the power relations between men and women during social interactions in labour organizations (AU)

[Glass maze in women's leadership]. / Laberinto de cristal en el liderazgo de las mujeres.

Psychological gender discrimination explanations have changed over the past thirty years, becoming more complex in order to obtain a better understanding of the social reality. At the present moment, one of the most interesting research areas is the one referring to the 'glass maze' phenomenon in women's management careers. The main purpose of this work is to reveal the theoretical evolution in an attempt to explain the leadership study from a gender perspective. The consecutive hypotheses, starting with the labour sexual division idea, are becoming more interactive in order to understand the current labour-social situation. Social psychology has underlined the role of beliefs, observed via gender stereotyped roles, prejudiced attitudes against women, sexist and neo-sexist ideology, or masculine, feminine and androgynous identity development. New psychological interpretations insist on the variability of the gender concept, where gender is sometimes observed through men and women's behaviours, and other times through those behaviour expectations. But gender is mainly observed though the power relations between men and women during social interactions in labour organizations.

Percepción escolar de las profesiones y estereotipos de género / Students perception of professions and gender stereotypes

El objetivo de este estudio empírico es conocer las ideas que tienen los/as adolescentes acerca de las actividades y puestos de trabajo correspondientes a las profesiones de Psicología e Ingeniería Industrial. En el análisis han participado un total de 256 estudiantes(140 mujeres y 116 varones). Los resultados confirman la hipótesis inicial referida al hecho de que el alumnado de Secundaria ya ha desarrollado una percepción diferenciada de las profesiones objeto de análisis y que responden a un patrón estereotipado por el cual Psicología se asocia con actividades de ayuda y con el rol de género femenino, mientras que Ingeniería Industrial se relaciona con tareas instrumentales y con el rol masculino. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre chicas y chicos en la atribución de género de las actividades profesionales pero sí por grupos de edad. Se discute finalmente la influenciade los estereotipos de género en la percepción que se tiene de las profesiones durante la adolescencia

The main aim of this empirical study was to know what teenagers thought about jobs and activities within the fields of Psychology and Industrial Engineering. A sampleconsisting of 256 students (140 females and 116 males) participated in the study. Results confirm the initial hypothesis assuming that secondary students have already developed a differentiated concept of professions. Students think of psychology as a profession associatedwith care activities, a role played mainly by females, whereas industrial engineering is perceived as associated with instrumental activities and a role played mainly by males. No gender differences appeared in those perceptions, but differences did appear by age group. Finally the influence of gender stereotypes on profession perceptions during adolescence isdiscusse